1. Myopia (nearsightedness)

What happens: Distant objects look blurry while close objects are clearer.

Common corrections:

• Prescription glasses with concave (minus) lenses
• Contact lenses
• Refractive surgery such as laser procedures
• Orthokeratology (overnight reshaping lenses)

2. Hyperopia (farsightedness)

What happens: Close objects may appear blurry, and focusing can require extra effort.

Common corrections:

• Prescription glasses with convex (plus) lenses
• Contact lenses
• Refractive surgery in some cases

3. Astigmatism

What happens: Vision can appear blurred or distorted at multiple distances because the eye's curvature is uneven.

Common corrections:

• Glasses with cylindrical lens correction
• Toric contact lenses
• Laser vision correction for suitable candidates

4. Presbyopia

What happens: Near vision becomes more difficult, often beginning around the 40s.

Common corrections:

• Reading glasses
• Bifocal lenses
• Progressive lenses
• Multifocal contact lenses
• Surgical options in selected cases

5. Color Blindness

What happens: Difficulty distinguishing certain colors, often red-green combinations.

Management options:

• Special color-enhancing glasses may help some people distinguish colors better
• Color-assistive apps and filters
• Environmental adaptations (labels, patterns, organization systems)

Unlike refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia), color vision deficiency usually cannot be fully corrected with standard prescription lenses.

Quick summary